Isandla, Izinyawo, Nezifo Zomlomo (HFMD) Uhlolojikelele
Isifo Sezandla, Sonyawo, Nomlomo sidlangile ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane. Iyathathelana kakhulu, inengxenye enkulu yezifo ezingenazimpawu, imizila eyinkimbinkimbi yokudlulisela, kanye nokusabalala ngokushesha, okungase kubangele ukuqubuka okusabalele phakathi nesikhathi esifushane, okwenza ukulawula ubhubhane kube inselele. Ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwezifo, izifo ezihlangene ezinkulisa nasezikhungweni zokunakekela izingane, kanye nokuqoqwa komndeni kwamacala, kungenzeka. Ngo-2008, i-HFMD yafakwa nguMnyango Wezempilo ekulawuleni izifo ezithathelwanayo zeSigaba C.
I-Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) kanye ne-Enterovirus 71 (EV71) angamagciwane avamile abangela i-HFMD. Idatha ye-Epidemiological ibonisa ukuthi i-CA16 ivame ukujikeleza kanye ne-EV71, okuholela ekuqubukeni kwe-HFMD njalo. Phakathi nalokhu kuqubuka, ingxenye yokutheleleka nge-CA16 idlula kude leyo ye-EV71, imvamisa ibalelwa ngaphezu kwama-60% wezifo eziphelele. I-HFMD ebangelwa i-EV71 ingaholela ekulimaleni kwesistimu yezinzwa ezimaphakathi. Ingxenye yamacala abucayi kanye nezinga lokufa phakathi kweziguli ezitheleleke nge-EV71 liphezulu kakhulu kunalezo ezingenwe amanye ama-enteroviruses, nezinga lokufa elibi kakhulu lifinyelela ku-10% -25%. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka kwe-CA16 ngokuvamile akubangeli izifo ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene nesimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi njenge-aseptic meningitis, i-brainstem encephalitis, nokukhubazeka okufana ne-poliomyelitis. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa komehluko kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu ekusindiseni izimpilo zezimo ezinzima.
Ukuhlolwa Komtholampilo
Ukuhlolwa kwamanje komtholampilo kwe-HFMD ngokuyinhloko kuhilela ukutholwa kwe-nucleic acid ye-pathogen kanye nokutholwa kwe-antibody ye-serological. Inkampani ye-Beier isebenzisa i-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) nezindlela zegolide ze-colloidal ukuze kuthuthukiswe I-Enterovirus 71 Antibody Test Kits kanye ne-Coxsackievirus A16 IgM Antibody Test Kits ukuze kutholwe umehluko wezifo ze-HFMD. Ukutholwa kwe-Serum antibody kunikeza ukuzwela okuphezulu, ukucaciswa okuhle, futhi kulula, kuyashesha, futhi kulungele ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kuwo wonke amazinga kanye nezifundo zokubhekwa kwezifo ezinkulu.
Izinkomba zokuxilonga eziqondile kanye nokubaluleka komtholampilo kwe-EV71 Infection
Ukuxilongwa okuqondile kokutheleleka kwe-EV71 kuncike ekutholweni kwamasosha omzimba e-EV71-RNA, EV71-IgM, kanye ne-EV71-IgG ku-serum, noma ukutholwa kwe-EV71-RNA kuma-swab specimens.
Kulandela ukutheleleka nge-EV71, amasosha omzimba e-IgM avela kuqala, akhuphuke kakhulu evikini lesibili. Amasosha omzimba e-IgG aqala ukubonakala evikini lesibili ngemva kokutheleleka futhi aqhubeke isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa. I-EV71-IgM iyinkomba ebalulekile yokutheleleka okuyinhloko noma kwakamuva, esiza ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kwe-EV71 ukutheleleka. I-EV71-IgG iyinkomba eyinhloko yokuxilongwa okuhlukile kokutheleleka, iwusizo ophenyweni lwe-epidemiological kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kokugoma. Ukuthola ushintsho ku-antibody titer phakathi kwamasampula e-serum acute kanye ne-convalescent kungaphinda kunqume isimo sokutheleleka kwe-EV71; isibonelo, ukwanda kwejiyomethri okuphindwe kane noma okukhulu kwe-antibody titer ku-convalescent serum uma kuqhathaniswa ne-acute serum kungabhekwa njengokutheleleka kwamanje kwe-EV71.
Izinkomba Eziqondile Zokuxilonga kanye Nokubaluleka Komtholampilo kwe-CA16 Infection
Ukuxilongwa okuqondile kokutheleleka kwe-CA16 kuncike ekutholweni kwamasosha omzimba e-CA16-RNA, CA16-IgM, kanye ne-CA16-IgG ku-serum, noma ukutholwa kwe-CA16-RNA kuma-swab specimens.
Ukulandela ukutheleleka kwe-CA16, amasosha omzimba e-IgM avela kuqala, akhuphuke kakhulu evikini lesibili. Amasosha omzimba e-IgG aqala ukubonakala evikini lesibili ngemva kokutheleleka futhi aqhubeke isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa. I-CA16-IgM iyinkomba ebalulekile yokutheleleka okuyinhloko noma kwakamuva.
Ukubaluleka Kokuhlolwa Okuhlanganisiwe Kwe-EV71 kanye ne-CA16 Antibody
I-HFMD ibangelwa ama-enteroviruses amaningana, nama-serotypes avamile okuthi EV71 kanye ne-CA16. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-HFMD ebangelwa igciwane le-CA16 ngokuvamile iveza izimpawu ezingavamile, inezinkinga ezimbalwa, kanye nokubikezela okuhle. Ngokuphambene, i-HFMD ebangelwa i-EV71 ivame ukunikeza izimpawu zomtholampilo ezinzima kakhulu, inenani eliphakeme lamacala anzima kanye nokufa kwecala, futhi ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga zesistimu yezinzwa eziphakathi. Izimpawu zomtholampilo ze-HFMD ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngokuvamile azikho ukujwayelekile, okwenza ukuxilongwa komtholampilo kube inselele ikakhulukazi, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala. Ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa kwe-serum antibody okuhlanganisiwe kulele ekuthatheni indawo yezindlela zokuhlukaniswa kwegciwane ezidla isikhathi nezinzima, ukuhlonza i-pathogen nge-serologically, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sokuxilongwa komtholampilo, amasu okwelapha, kanye nokuqagela kwesifo.
Ukuhlaziywa Kokusebenza Komkhiqizo
EV71-IgM ELISAIkhithiUkuhlaziya Ukusebenza
| Sngokwanele | No. kweAmacala | EI-V71-IgM Positive | EV71-IgM Negative | Sukuzwela | Sukucacisa |
| Amacala EV71 aqinisekisiwe | 302 | 298 | 4 | 98.7% | —– |
| I-Non-EV71 Infection Cases | 25 | 1 | 24 | —– | 96% |
| I-General Population | 700 | —– | 700 | —– | 100% |
Imiphumela ibonisa:I-Beier EV71-IgM Test Kit ibonisa ukuzwela okuphezulu nokucaciswa okuhle kokuhlola i-serum evela kubantu abane-EV71. Umthombo wedatha: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese CDC.
I-EV71-IgG ELISA Kit Performance Analysis (I)
| Sngokwanele | No. kweAmacala | EI-V71-IgG Positive | EV71-IgG Negative | Sukuzwela | Sukucacisa |
| Amacala EV71 aqinisekisiwe | 310 | 307 | 3 | 99.0% | —– |
| I-Non-EV71 Infection Cases | 38 | 0 | 38 | —– | 100% |
| I-General Population | 700 | 328 | 372 | —– | 100% |
I-EV71-IgG ELISA Kit Performance Analysis (II)
| Sngokwanele | No. kweAmacala | EI-V71-IgG Positive | EV71-IgG Negative | Sukuzwela | Sukucacisa |
| Isibalo Sabantu Esijwayelekile, Ukuhlolwa Kokungathathi hlangothi Kuhle | 332 | 328 | 4 | 98.8% | —– |
| Inani labantu elijwayelekile, ukuhlolwa kokungathathi hlangothi kubi | 368 | —– | 368 | —– | 100% |
Imiphumela ibonisa:Ikhithi Yokuhlola ye-Beier EV71-IgG ibonisa izinga eliphezulu lokutholwa kwe-serum kubantu abanesifo se-EV71 esiphindelelayo. Umthombo wedatha: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese CDC.
Ukuhlaziywa Kokusebenza Kwekhithi ye-CA16-IgM ELISA
| Sngokwanele | No. kweAmacala | I-CA16-IgM Positive | CA16-IgM Negative | Sukuzwela | Sukucacisa |
| Amacala e-CA16 aqinisekisiwe | 350 | 336 | 14 | 96.0% | —– |
| I-General Population | 659 | 0 | 659 | —– | 100% |
Imiphumela ibonisa:Ikhithi Yokuhlola ye-Beier CA16-IgM ibonisa izinga eliphezulu lokutholwa nokuvumelana okuhle. Umthombo wedatha: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese CDC.
Ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza kwe-EV71-IgM (Colloidal Gold)
| Sngokwanele | No. kweAmacala | EI-V71-IgM Positive | EV71-IgM Negative | Sukuzwela | Sukucacisa |
| EV71-IgM Positive Amasampula | 90 | 88 | 2 | 97.8% | —– |
| PCR Positive Samples / Non-HFMD Cases | 217 | 7 | 210 | —– | 96.8% |
Imiphumela ibonisa:I-Beier EV71-IgM Test Kit (Colloidal Gold) ibonisa ukuzwela okuphezulu nokucaciswa okuhle kokuhlola i-serum evela kubantu abane-EV71. Umthombo wedatha: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese CDC.
Ikhithi Yokuhlola ye-CA16-IgM (Colloidal Gold) Ukuhlaziya Ukusebenza
| Sngokwanele | No. kweAmacala | I-CA16-IgM Positive | CA16-IgM Negative | Sukuzwela | Sukucacisa |
| I-CA16-IgM Amasampula Alungile | 248 | 243 | 5 | 98.0% | —– |
| I-PCR Positive Samples / Amacala angewona awe-HFMD | 325 | 11 | 314 | —– | 96.6% |
Imiphumela ibonisa:Ikhithi Yokuhlola ye-Beier CA16-IgM (i-Colloidal Gold) ibonisa ukuzwela okuphezulu nokucaciswa okuhle kokuthola i-serum kubantu abanaleli gciwane i-CA16. Umthombo wedatha: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese CDC.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-30-2025