Ngomhla ziyi-14 kuLwezi, 2025, ukugubha usuku lwe-19 lwe-UN Lwesifo Sikashukela, olunendikimba yokuphromotha ethi “Isifo Sikashukela Nenhlalakahle”. Igcizelela ukubeka ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga lempilo yabantu abanesifo sikashukela emnyombweni wezinsizakalo zezempilo zesifo sikashukela, okwenza iziguli zijabulele izimpilo ezinempilo.
Emhlabeni jikelele, cishe abantu abadala abayizigidi ezingama-589 (abaneminyaka engama-20-79) banesifo sikashukela, okumelela u-11.1% (1 kwabangu-9) waleli qembu lobudala. Babalelwa ezigidini ezingama-252 abantu (43%) abangakaziwa, babhekene nengozi enkulu yokuba nezinkinga. Isibalo sabantu abanesifo sikashukela kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke sifinyelele ezigidini ezingama-853 ngo-2050, okuwukunyuka ngama-45%.
I-Etiology kanye Nezinhlobo Zomtholampilo Zesifo Sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela siwuchungechunge lwezifo ze-metabolic syndromes ezihlanganisa ushukela, amaprotheni, amafutha, amanzi, nama-electrolyte, okubangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene ze-pathogenic ezifana nezici zofuzo, ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nobuthi bazo, ubuthi obukhululekile, nezici zengqondo ezisebenza emzimbeni. Lezi zici ziholela ekulimazeni kokusebenza kwe-islet, ukumelana ne-insulin, njll. Ngokomtholampilo, kubonakala ngokuyinhloko nge-hyperglycemia. Izimo ezijwayelekile zingase zibe ne-polyuria, i-polydipsia, i-polyphagia, nokuncipha kwesisindo, okwaziwa ngokuthi izimpawu "ze-polys ezintathu kanye nokulahlekelwa okukodwa". Ngokomtholampilo ihlukaniswa ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela soHlobo loku-1, isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezithile zesifo sikashukela.
I-Diabetes Detection Biomarkers
Ama-Islet autoantibodies ayizimpawu zokubhujiswa kwamaseli e-pancreatic β ngama-immune futhi ayizinkomba ezibalulekile zokuhlonza isifo sikashukela esizimele. Amasosha omzimba e-Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), amasosha omzimba e-tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2A), amasosha omzimba e-insulin (IAA), namasosha omzimba e-islet cell (ICA) ayizimpawu ezibalulekile zokuzivikela komzimba ukuze kutholwe isifo sikashukela.
Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukutholwa okuhlangene kungathuthukisa izinga lokutholwa kwesifo sikashukela esizimele. Uma sikhulu inani lamasosha omzimba atholakala kusenesikhathi, ayanda amathuba okuba sengozini yokuthi umuntu athuthukele ngokushesha abe nesifo sikashukela.
Ucwaningo lubonisa:
● Abantu abanamasosha omzimba amathathu noma ngaphezulu banengozi > engu-50% yokuba nesifo sikashukela soHlobo loku-1 phakathi neminyaka emi-5.
● Abantu abanamasosha omzimba amabili anamandla basengozini engu-70% yokuba nesifo sikashukela soHlobo loku-1 phakathi neminyaka eyi-10, ama-84% phakathi neminyaka engu-15, futhi cishe amaphesenti angu-100 athuthukela ku-Type 1 sikashukela ngemva kweminyaka engu-20 yokulandelela.
● Abantu abane-antibody eyodwa banethuba elingu-14.5% kuphela lokuba nesifo sikashukela soHlobo loku-1 phakathi neminyaka eyi-10.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwamasosha omzimba aqondile, izinga lokuqhubekela phambili kohlobo loku-1 lwesifo sikashukela lihlobene nezinhlobo zamasosha omzimba aqondile, ubudala bokubukeka kwe-antibody, ubulili, kanye ne-HLA genotype.
I-Beier Ihlinzeka Ngezivivinyo Eziphelele Zesifo Sikashukela
Izindlela zochungechunge lomkhiqizo wesifo sikashukela we-Beier zifaka i-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) kanye ne-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Ukutholwa okuhlanganisiwe kwama-biomarker kusiza ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi, ekuphathweni kwezempilo kusenesikhathi, kanye nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kwesifo sikashukela, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe izinkomba zezempilo yabantu.
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| Igama Lomkhiqizo |
| 1 | Ikhithi Yokuhlola Ye-Anti-Islet Cell (ICA) (CIA) / (ELISA) |
| 2 | I-Anti-Insulin Antibody (IAA) I-Assay Kit (CLIA) / (ELISA) |
| 3 | I-Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibody (GAD) Assay Kit (CLIA) / (ELISA) |
| 4 | I-Tyrosine Phosphatase Antibody (IA-2A) Assay Kit (CLIA) / (ELISA) |
Izithenjwa:
1. I-Chinese Diabetes Society, i-Chinese Medical Association ye-Endocrinologist Branch, i-Chinese Society of Endocrinology, et al. Umhlahlandlela wokuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 e-China (uhlelo luka-2021) [J]. Ijenali yaseShayina Yesifo Sikashukela, 2022, 14(11): 1143-1250. I-DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115791-20220916-00474.
2. I-Chinese Women Medical Doctors Association I-Diabetes Professional Committee, Ibhodi lokuhlela le-Chinese Journal of Health Management, i-China Health Promotion Foundation. Ukuvumelana kochwepheshe ekuhlolweni nasekungeneleleni kwabantu abasengozini enkulu yesifo sikashukela e-China. Ijenali yesiShayina Yokuphathwa Kwezempilo, 2022, 16(01): 7-14. I-DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115624-20211111-00677.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-17-2025